Anti-Immigrant Politics in Europe

More and more European leaders are jumping on the anti-immigrant bandwagon of the far right. First Merkel, then Cameron and Sarkozy have attacked multiculturalism as a failure. They stated that it had led to segregation and 'parallel communities'.

However, what action had their governments really taken to promote an inclusive multiculturalism? Promoting nationalistic monoculturalism and exclusion of 'others' seemed to be a simpler and more cost-effective vote-winner.

What happened to liberal democratic Europe? Every country now has its very own fascist party, sometimes several. There's the British National Party and English Defence League in good old Britain, not to mention UKIP. 

Moving over the Channel to France, you have Marine Le Pen of the French National Front who has a decent chance of becoming the next president in 2012.

The Islamophobic Geert Wilders leads the third biggest party in the Netherlands, the Party for Freedom.

Germany has its NPD, whilst even social democratic politicians are joining the patriotic act: see Thilo Sarrazin's bestseller, 'Germany Abolishes Itself'.

A few months ago the True Finns won 19.1 per cent of the vote in the general elections, bringing right wing politics to the scene. Then there's the Progress Party in Norway, Sweden Democrats who have 20 seats in the Swedish parliament and the Danish People's Party (see last post).

It is simply a bewildering array of populist trash that makes one think again before laughing about Sarah Palin and her nutty Tea Party in the US.

I've missed plenty of far right parties out, so watch this space for more naming and shaming to come.

Re-Imagining Denmark

The historian Benedict Anderson called the nation-state an 'imagined community'. In other words, the nation is an artificial man-made construction. Who belongs and who does not is simply all in the mind. Currently, a few small-minds in Denmark are trying to reconstruct what it means to be Danish.

Today, Denmark deployed 50 additional customs agents to its borders with Germany and Sweden. Not content with just restricting immigration from outside of the EU, the Danish government now feels that it is time to impose border checks on European travellers too.

Pia Kjærsgaard and her Danish People's Party (Dansk Folkeparti, DF) must be celebrating tonight. They have scored another symbolic highly-publicized blow against a Europe without borders. At the same time, they are constricting the development of a free and open society in Denmark.

The Schengen Area of 25 nation states is based on mutual trust, cooperation and extremely tight external border control. Denmark sits geographically in the very middle of this exclusive zone and yet it is the first country to contravene the spirit and purpose of the agreement.

If Kjærsgaard and her cronies are only able to imagine a return to the parochial and backward Denmark of the past, then let us hope that their myopic view does not take hold. For breaking down borders begins in the mind.

Immigration Crisis in Europe?

On the surface the 'Arab Spring' is welcomed in Europe as the democratic awakening of a people. The authoritarian regimes in North Africa are crumbling: hurrah! But beneath the rhetoric lurk serious concerns about instability in Europe's neighbourhood.

It has brought an end to lucrative arms deals with dictators and disrupted the oil trade. But this doesn't excite the people of Europe as much as the threat from illegal immigrants. So this is what Europe's stagnant Right have seized upon.

Thousands of Tunisians have risked their lives on small boats trying to reach the Italian island of Lampedusa. Those that made it were given a foil cape and a bottle of mineral water to suck on by the Italian authorities. Then they were left to languish in the open for nearly two weeks. Italy wanted help from her EU friends. But these friends did not help.

So Italy started shipping the Tunisians to the mainland and granting them temporary residence permits. In principle the migrants could now enjoy the benefits of freedom of movement across the Schengen area. France assumed that these migrants would now all head for their great capital Paris and promptly started checking trains crossing their border.

Sarkozy and Berlusconi engineered a little crisis and called the EU's freedom of movement into question.

Is this really about a few thousand desperate Tunisian migrants? No, this is about undermining community spirit and clawing back national privileges. In the wake of Sarko's and Silvio's antics, the Commission has little power to reign in similar action from other member states.

Ludicrously, Denmark has reinstated checks on its border with Germany and the bridge from Sweden

So rather than fully supporting the Arab Spring as a united body, EU member states have used it as an excuse to pander to the xenophobic far right. When the going gets tough, there is a marked lack of community spirit.

Links:

Guardian video witness follows a Tunisian migrant

Aircraft carrier left us to die, say migrants

Eurozone Über Alles

In the midst of economic crisis for the Euro, Germany and France are pushing through plans for 'economic government' across the 17 European states that use the currency.

So far, the bailouts of Greece and Ireland have been heavily subsidised by the German economic powerhouse and Chancellor Angela Merkel is understandably keen to make sure the burden is spread more evenly in the future.

Are France and Germany using the crisis as a convenient justification for pushing through their 'Pact for Competitiveness'?  What happens when the financial crisis is over and things return to normal?  Perhaps the EU's big mummy and daddy are trying to look after themselves too much, with little concern for their southern and eastern family members.

The proposed harmonisation of tax, labour and pension policies seems to be a move to roll out the welfare state/high tax model of Germany and France across the eurozone. Whilst this may strengthen their position, it can only weaken that of poorer members.

Meanwhile, Britain sits by on the periphery with shockingly little to say about matters EU.  As Anatole Kalestsky writes in The Times today: eurozone countries are moving ever closer to political union leaving non-euro countries excluded from key decision-making.

Is a 'multi-speed' Europe really desirable?

See also:

MEPs vent fury at Van Rompuy over Franco-German plan
BBC Gavin Hewitt's Europe blog: France-Germany pact resisted

OBIT: Czech Left-Winger Jiri Dienstbier Lived Through Turbulent Times

Times Like These - Jiri Dienstbier 1937 - 2011

• Joined the Communist Party in 1950
• Worked as a reporter and presenter for Czech Radio 1958-69 including stint as correspondent in America
• As a supporter of Alexander Dubcek's liberalizations of the Prague Spring in 1968 he later fell from grace as hardline communists  initiated a clamp down on freedom of expression
• Forced to do menial work such as nightwatchman and boilerman (gruelling shifts shovelling coal into a furnace)
• Signed Charter 77 calling for restoration of civil liberties
• Imprisoned for "anti-state" activities 1979-1982
• Suddenly following the Velvet Revolution of 1989 he is appointed Foreign Minister by Vaclav Havel - apparently he had to finish fueling the boiler before taking up the post!

 

Despite the trials and tribulations of his life he always maintained a good sense of humour.  Theorizing about the size of the American's GDP he explained it thus:  "When their lightbulbs go, they call in an electrician and pay him for putting in another one: We Czechs replace lightbulbs ourselves, so the operation doesn't get recorded in our GDP."

Links to obits:

The Independent obit published 10 days after his death beats The Guardian obit which was published 16 days after his death - come on you English hacks!

Radio Prague

iDnes (czech language)

Cameron's Big Debt Society

Britian has a Conservative government.  It's pointless to talk of a Coalition any longer, as the Liberal Democrats have showed that their true colour is Blue. The Conservatives have always been intent on the privatisation of the public sector and now with convenient Liberal scapegoats, they seem to be getting away with murder. Murder of what we used to call 'our' Education System.

Prime Minister David Cameron likes to talk about a 'Big Society'. The idea is so vacuous that even he doesn't know what it means. One thing is certain though. By tripling tuition fees to £9,000 per year, his government will create a society that is BIG ON DEBT.

The government's own statistics show that up to a third of graduates under the new system will carry their debt to the grave. According to the politicians the system will be 'very fair and progressive'. You only have to start paying back when you earn over £21,000 per year they harp. Is it unusual for graduates to earn more than that? Some companies might see this as an excuse to keep entry level salaries low!

Outrageously, the government has even proposed a fine for graduates who seek to pay off their debt early in one lump some. This defies common sense. The economic crisis that we're still in was caused by too many people investing money that they did not have. Now the government is actually encouraging young people to enter into a lifetime of crippling debt.

Cameron tells us that the quality of universities will improve. How can this be when funding for research and staff pensions have also been cut. The brightest English students are now sure to go to Europe for their education. There are countless prestigious universities in Germany, France, Spain, Scandinavia etc. that do not charge crazy entrance fees.

European citizens from poor as well as rich backgrounds should have equal rights and access to higher education. If the UK government is taken to the European Court of Justice, we may see a landmark case in determining the universal right of EU citizens to higher education, whatever their socioeconomic background.

There are still 2 years to go before this new tuition fees system is supposed to come into force: ample time for it to be replaced with something that is not based on the accumulation of yet more DEBT.

Who owns Franz Kafka?

Israel is laying claim to a stash of unpublished mouldy Kafka works.  Why?

Franz Kafka was born in Prague in 1883 which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.  He was a member of the German speaking community and also happened to be Jewish.  He died in 1924, a mere five years after the state of Czechoslovakia was founded.  So, given this multi-cultural history any number of modern day nation states could argue for Kafka's legacy.  Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Germany even Switzerland as a german-speaking country might stake a claim.

So why Israel, a state that did not exist when Kafka died?  Well, Kafka's friend Max Brod was a Zionist and emigrated there.  When Brod died, he left a pile of Kafka's writings with his secretary in a cat-infested Tel Aviv flat.  Some connection!

Now the Israel National Library has gone to court for the papers.  They're outraged that the daughters of the deceased secretary want to sell the papers to Germany's Marbach Archive.  The sisters argue that Germany will be a safer place for the papers.

Germany makes sense.  More people are likely to benefit from having the papers in the middle of Europe, instead of tucked away in Israel in some vault between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

But the real question is, how can a nation-state truly own Kafka?  It is the individual reader of say, Metamorphosis or Amerika who is enthralled by the ingenious tangle of events the author relates.  In many ways Kafka owns his readers as much as they own him. Literature is the most democratic artform of all and it is only the illiterate who are truly unable to own it.

A final thought - those mouldy notes may amount to nothing more than a pile of Kafka's old shopping lists and doodlings.  It's the same as people forever trying to discover some new Jimi Hendrix recordings.  The best stuff was published years ago.  When will we realise that even genii have their off days?

Source:

The Independent, 20 July 2010, The Bitter Legacy of Franz Kafka